Desert dust episodes across Europe are becoming more frequent and intense, particularly in southern regions and the eastern Mediterranean, posing growing risks to air quality and public health, according to new research featuring key contributions from the Cyprus Institute.
The study, published in Nature, links the surge in dust transport from the Sahara and other desert areas to climate‑driven changes such as worsening drought and desertification in North Africa, and shifting atmospheric patterns that carry dust northwards.
Researchers say the findings show climate change is not only altering temperatures and extreme weather, but also the air people breathe.
In southern Europe, around 46 desert dust events are recorded each year, raising levels of suspended particles and worsening pollution.
The transported dust accounts for roughly one‑third of the World Health Organization’s annual PM10 limit.
Poor air quality can aggravate asthma and increase mortality.
The study estimates that dust episodes have led to a 0.67% rise in daily deaths and a 2.5% increase in respiratory hospital admissions among children.
The eastern Mediterranean, including Cyprus, is among the hardest‑hit regions, with the sharpest rise in dust intensity over the past decade. Average dust concentrations in southern Europe are more than twice those in central and northern areas.
Scientists at the Cyprus Institute’s CARE‑C centre say desert dust is a natural feature of the region, but its frequency and severity are increasing.
They warn that adapting to its effects, alongside tackling climate change, will be vital to protect public health and air quality in the years ahead.
